"King Menes" is the founder of the 1st dynasty in the history of Ancient Egypt and the last king of the predynastic period (6000-3150 BCE). In 3150 B.C, he was able to unify both upper and lower Egypt as shown on the legendary Narmer Palette. His name means "The One Who Endures" and his reign lasted for 62 years. He married a princess to consolidate his power, princess Neithhotep of Naqada. Many believe he inherited the throne from the god of victory and protection, Horus.
Before that period Egypt was divided into two kingdoms; Upper Egypt in the South and Lower Egypt in the north, and there was a crowned king for each part and a series of wars between them, until "King Menes" the king of lower Egypt put an end to that and defeated the king of upper Egypt and crowned himself as a king of the two lands both upper and lower Egypt and created the first centralized monarchy. After the unification of both lands, "King Narmer" changed the capital of Egypt to be in Abydos. He sends many military expeditions all across Egypt and neighboring countries such as Cannan and Nubia. He built new cities like the city of Memphis, a new wave of urbanization spread through ancient Egypt and a great deal of attention was put to developing the art of writing. He is noted for developing the notion of luxury as the Egyptians created many lavish hobbies to fill their time after uniting the land such as sports, brewing beer, carving, sculpting, cultivating gardens, and various others.
"King Menes" commemorated the victory of upper Egypt over lower Egypt in his famous pallet which called Narmer Palette which is made out of shiest and discovered from Hyracnopolice {El Kom El Ahmar } about 22 Km East of Cairo. This palette has been transferred to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo then moved to the Grand Egyptian Museum so start your trip to Egypt by visiting the museum and watching the palette.
Narmer Palette consists of two sides called recto and verso, on both sides, we can see the name of King Narmer is written in a small square as "Ne3Rmer", the name is protecting from both sides by the famous face of the Cow Hathor the deity of love, harmony, and motherhood. On "The Verso" side of palette Narmer is Menes wearing the red wicker war crown of upper Egypt which indicated that all of Egypt has fallen under his control. The largest engravings on the palette are two men interweaving serpentine necks of unknown beasts called serpopards. At the bottom of the palette is king is shown as a bull breaking through the walls of the city with horns and trampling his enemies beneath his hooves. There is also a priest wearing a leopard skin following four divine standards. On the other side of the palette, "The Recto" is a one complete cohesive of Narmer with his army gathering about to strike down an enemy captured by the hair and beneath his top feet are two men either dead or attempting to escape his wrath, plus behind the king, there is a bald servant holding his sandals while in front of him is the sky god Horus watching and blessing king Narmer's victory by bringing many enemy prisoners. Both sides of the palette are decorated with animal heads at the very top with cows and bulls that are associated with the goddess Hathor of celebration and joy which is shown as a cow or a woman with a cow's ears and the bull is a symbol of the king's strength and vitality.
When Egypt was unified, king Narmer instituted religious practices formalized beliefs, his reign was so prosperous he ruled for about 26 years. "King Narmer" cared so much about hobbies and develop it like carving, sculpting, and sports. It's important to mention that Egypt flourished a lot under his reign.
His tomb is found at Um Qa’ab nearby Abydos in upper Egypt. It is consisting of two joined champers, it’s built out of mud bricks. The tomb holds two necropolis seals that prove his identity as the ruler of the first dynasty.
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